Учебное пособие Москва Издательство мгту им. Н. Э. Баумана 2014 г




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Московский Государственный Технический Университет

имени Н.Э. Баумана.
Иванова Л. А., Кузнецова Т.И.,

Савина Т.Т.


Английский язык для студентов вузов инженерно-экономических специальностей

Учебное пособие

Москва


Издательство МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана

2014 г

Предисловие

Настоящее учебное пособие составлено на материале оригинальной британской экономической литературы. Пособие состоит из шести модулей. В каждый раздел входят словарь, основной текст, грамматические и лексические упражнения, дополнительные тексты. Грамматические упражнения охватывают наиболее функциональные разделы грамматики современного английского языка, предусмотренные программой для студентов первого курса неязыковых вузов, и составлены в соответствии с требованиями отечественной и зарубежной методики преподавания и контроля языковых знаний. Имеются упражнения, направленные на развитие навыков устного и письменного перевода экономической литературы как с английского языка на русский, так и с русского языка на английский и упражнения для развития монологической и диалогической устной речи по экономической тематике. Основной и дополнительный тексты служат цели развития навыков чтения и понимания оригинальной литературы.

Содержание текстов помогает студентам не только усваивать необходимый лексический и грамматический материал, но также получать интересную информацию по своей специальности, а также готовить сообщения и презентации по тематике модулей.

Большое количество текстов и заданий дают возможность преподавателю варьировать работу в зависимости от уровня подготовки группы и давать индивидуальные задания студентам.

Рекомендации по подготовке презентаций содержат лексические единицы, использование которых способствует развитию навыков монологической и диалогической речи.

В конце пособия дается краткий грамматический справочник в таблицах.

Пособие рассчитано на два семестра аудиторной работы под руководством преподавателя и для самостоятельной работы студентов.

Module1

The Economy and Business



Simple tenses. Continuous tenses. Future plans and intentions. Articles. Pronouns: some, any, no. Prepositions. There is/are. Multifunctional words: it, that, one.

Phraseological units: depend on something, come across something, result from, result in, relate to, sell off, ride out, and so on, both….and


Exercises.
1. Translate the sentences paying attention to the use of the Present Simple and Continuous Tenses.

1. What are you doing? I’m preparing this month’s sales figures.

2. Consumer prices shoot up every quarter. The acceleration takes place mainly because of a rise in utilities tariffs.

3. Most of Russia’s metal exports go to different European countries.

4. Computers are becoming increasingly important in our lives.

5. Our new manager is extremely generous but not very tolerant of people who don’t agree with him.

6. The cost of living rises every year all over the world. Prices are increasing all the time.

7. Mr. Johnson’s secretary is rather careless. She makes many mistakes in business letters.

8. We are having a lot of problems with our suppliers at the moment.

9. She is being encouraged to apply for a job.

10. Currently, the country’s largest oil firm is beating forecasts with record profits and is looking for new markets.

11. Profits and losses of the firm are being analyzed by the division managers in the performance review at the moment.

12. The business is a great success. New staff is being hired, and it is expanding fast.

13. Our investors are happy because we are making profit.

14. We are learning Business English in order to read articles on different economic problems and discuss them in the English language.
2. Complete the sentences using the correct tense of the verbs in brackets to express permanent or temporary action:

1. The demand for the company’s products _________ (grow) from year to year. Though now it __________ (not grow) fast.

2. Famous American companies such as Coca Cola and McDonalds________ (have) subsidiaries in Russia and they successfully _____ (compete) with domestic producers for consumers.

3. In the past Russia traditionally ______ (export) wheat, now it ________ (export) oil, gas and other natural resources.

4. They usually__________ (introduce) some brands on the market every few months.

5. This manager___________ (choose) to be a salaried worker after graduation from University, but now he ________ (work) as a freelancer.

6. This company usually __________ (make) money, though it ________ (do) rather badly just now.

7. Problems of globalization ____________ (discuss) by leading economists, scientists, writers and activists of the International Forum on Globalization every year.

8. The success of any firm__________ (depend) on market conditions.

9. An economist _________ (become) the most popular profession among young people, so the departments of the EBM Faculty __________ (involve) a number of academic courses, such as Management, Marketing, Accounting, Finances and others.

10. Finding a proven competitive edge_________ (require) special attention to competitor’s strengths and weaknesses.

11. The department manager often _____________ (meet) suppliers to discuss various problems. He __________ (meet) an experienced wholesaler at the moment and _______ (try) to find out if the deal is profitable.

12. Everybody ________ (think) you are a successful businessman: your firm ___________ (have) a profit, people _____ (work) as a good team and you ________ (run) the company well.

13. Customers usually _________ (ask) questions about the products advertised.

14. Market people often________ (do) research to see if it is possible to launch a product.

15. A new brand of a soft drink ___________ (to be advertised) now.

16. I don’t think this plant _________ (produce) good household appliance.

17. Our students _______ (have) a lecture on economics by a visiting professor from England tonight.
3.Look at the examples and answer the questions:

1. How is the regular past simple formed?

2. How is a question about the past formed?

3. How is the past negative formed?


  • I rented an apartment near my office last month.

  • Gaye McLoughlin first tried a fruit smoothie in California.

  • He arrived in Hastings in the early 1990s.

  • When did Mr. Carter live in Oxford?

  • Did they start production in China in 1999?

  • They didn’t have the stock to meet demand.


4. Give the past, past participle and present participle forms of the verbs from Text 1A, pay attention to irregular forms, and translate the verbs into Russian.

.intervene, add, take, mean, happen, let, site, depend, result, fall, ride, arise, cover, sell, provide, lessen, cause, cut, pay, cost, understate, read, come, watch, have, define, make, be, enjoy, rise, spend, suffer, become, use, produce, lend, borrow.
5. Choose the correct form of the verbs (Past Simple or Past Continuous)

Thomas Edison started/ was starting work on the railway when he was twelve, selling newspapers and snacks. There were long periods with nothing for him to do so he built/ was building himself a little laboratory in the luggage van where he could carry out experiments when he didn’t sell/ wasn’t selling things to passengers. Another way that he occupied/ was occupying himself was by reading. He joined a library and read/was reading every single book in it. One day, when he waited/ was waiting at a station he noticed/was noticing a small boy who played/ was playing by the track, unaware that a train approached/ was approaching. Edison ran/ was running out and grabbed/ was grabbing the child just in time. The child’s father was so grateful that he offered/ was offering to teach Edison to be a telegraph operator. Edison accepted the offer and soon he had/ was having regular lessons. After a year, he was good enough to get a job in the telegraph office. He continued to read and experiment, whenever he had/ was having time. At twenty-one he left/ was leaving the telegraph office to devote all his time to being an inventor.
6. Complete the sentences with the appropriate future form of the verbs in brackets: will+ infinitive; going to + infinitive, present continuous.

1. We want to build up our US sales, so we (set up)………regional office in Chicago. (intention, decision made);

2. I (travel) to Chicago tomorrow on the 8:30 flight. (fixed arrangement).

3. I (look at)……….some office premises that we might rent. (intention, decision made).

4. How (you, travel) round Chicago? (intention), (two possible answers);

5. Justin Brown (meet ) ……….me at the airport.( fixed arrangement );

6. We don’t know which the best location is. I (collect)……… as much information as I can. (intention , decision made);

7. I (present) ………all the options after my trip. (intention, decision now )
7. Give the Simple and Continuous Passive Forms (Present, Past and Future) of the following regular and irregular verbs.

Example: collect – is /are/ was/ were collected/ will be collected

Is / are/ was/were being collected

read – is, /are/ was/ were read/ will be read

is /are/ was/ were being read

tell - am/ is/ are/was/ were/ will be told

am/ is/ are/ was/ were/ being told

Build, paint, design, write, process, use, discover, wash, question, sing, pass, do, move, send, stick, polish, inform, ask.

8.Translate into English:

1. Существует три основных уровня управления: высший менеджмент, менеджмент среднего звена и менеджмент первого звена (first line)

2. Занятые деньги возвращаются (is repaid) из дохода от продаж.

3. Ваша штаб – квартира (head-office) в центре города или на окраине?

В центре.

4. Какие данные маркетологи анализировали на прошлой неделе? Они анализировали изменения цен на (for) нефть.

5. Президент фирмы ждал вас в офисе в 10.30, а сейчас он проводит совещание.

6. Многие компании используют разные способы составления бюджетов (budgeting).

7. Менеджеры всех уровней должны понимать, что их обязанности согласуются (fit together) с обязанностями других менеджеров.

8. На собеседовании при устройстве на работу(interview) мне задавали много вопросов.

9. Сколько времени у тебя обычно уходит на проверку корреспонденции (to check) от нашего основного партнера?

10. Некоторые исследования показывают, что руководители высшего и среднего звена проводят приблизительно (approximately) 80% своего рабочего времени, общаясь друг с другом.

11. Мэр города и министр здравоохранения были приглашены на открытие новой больницы на прошлой неделе.

12. Майк хорошо подготовил документы для переговоров. Вчера ему удалось (manage) заключить (negotiate) контракт для нашей фирмы.

13. Мастерство (skill) человеческих отношений (психологическое мастерство) – это способность руководителей эффективно взаимодействовать с другими людьми.
9. Put in a/an/the or nothing.
Tina wants to buy a car. She has come to see Ryan, who is trying to sell his.

T: So, you don’t say much in your advert. Is this an old car?

R: Four years old. Come and have a look at it.

T: Were you ______first owner?

R: No, I got it two years ago.

T: Have you driven it a lot?

R: Well, I drive to my office in ____ city center five days _____week, but I don’t use it much at ________ weekends.

T: I see. Now, the thing is, I ‘m _____doctor. I’ve just started work at ____hospital, I’m on call a lot of the time and I have to find ____car, which is really reliable, _______car I used to have was always breaking down and giving me problems.

R: Oh, this one’s very good and it’s got ____new set of tyres.

T: Right. It’s good. Can I go for ___ test drive?

R: Um, actually, that’s not possible right now.

T: Why not?

R: Well, basically, I’m afraid it won’t start. You see, _______battery is flat.

10. Complete the sentences with: some, any or no and translate them.
1. There is ………. information about the economic downturn in today’s newspaper.

2. There are …… main sectors in any economy.

3. There are………..countries rich in land which can use it intensively and produce agricultural products and minerals.

4. There are………. visitors outside the boss’s office.

5. There aren’t ………opportunities for the new staff to work flexitime.

6. There is …...money in my bank account.

7. There are … students who get scholarships both from the government and from private firms.

8. I want …...paper. Have you got…...?

9. May I give you ……… advice how to avoid a stressful job?

10. Have you got ……… spare time now? We’d like to discuss the new sales plan for the quarter.

11. There are ……. well-paid jobs on the labour market at the moment.
11. Choose the correct prepositions in the conversations:


  1. A - I’m trying to write a report on/for consumer behaviour. Can you help me to answer the question: What are major economic needs?

B - Definitely. They are economy at/of purchase, efficiency in/ on operation, dependability in/on use and improvement of/in earnings.

  1. A - You are lucky to have joined our company.

B - Why do you think so?

A - Because it’s been successful in/on business. It’s got subsidiaries in Moscow, Paris, it has Swiss accounts and a chain of/at stores all over/around the world.
  1. A -Our CEO is very concerned.


B - Why? What’s the matter?

A - We seem to be having a problem. There appeared a small but prospective firm at/on the market half a year ago.

B - So, is there any challenge?

A - Yes, there is. They are quite competitive though they don’t produce much yet. Our boss wants to meet the representative at/of the firm and negotiate the merger contract.

12. Define the functions of it, that, one. Translate into Russian.

  1. The information required by project managers is different from that required by department managers.

  2. The values and logic that shape worker actions are not the same as those of engineers.

  3. He says that his new sales team is difficult to manage.

  4. The best investment isn’t always the one that offers the greatest reward.

  5. At least two new factors are present – one is the element of time, another that of planning.

  6. It is your boss that I would like to speak to.

  7. It was three weeks later that he heard the news.

8. You should come no London – it’s a wonderful city.

9. It seems that no one is willing to accept responsibility for what happened.

10. It’s important to know that a product manager is responsible for the development and marketing of a particular product.

11. It is difficult to set up a new business.

12. It appears that the two leaders are holding secret talks.

13. Before you read the text below, answer the questions.
a) What is the difference between the terms economy and economics?

b) What is the meaning of the adjective economical?

c) What do you understand by economic forces?

d) Can you name any countries that have developed economy?

e) Do you think that it is important for a future engineer to know economics?
Read and translate the text using Essential Vocabulary and any other dictionary.
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